F#的可变数据
F#中的变量是不可变的,这意味着一旦变量绑定到一个值,它就不能被改变。 它们实际上被编译为静态只读属性。
下面的例子说明了这一点。
例
-
let x = 10
let y = 20
let z = x + y
printfn "x: %i" x
printfn "y: %i" y
printfn "z: %i" z
let x = 15
let y = 20
let z = x + y
printfn "x: %i" x
printfn "y: %i" y
printfn "z: %i" z
当你编译和执行程序,它显示了以下错误消息
Duplicate definition of value 'x'
Duplicate definition of value 'Y'
Duplicate definition of value 'Z'
可变变量
有时您需要更改存储在变量中的值。 要指定在程序的后面部分中声明的和分配的变量的值可能有变化,F#提供mutable。 您可以使用此关键字声明和分配可变变量,其值将更改。
mutable允许在可变变量中声明和赋值。
您可以使用theletkeyword为可变变量分配一些初始值。 但是,要为其分配新的后续值,需要使用<-运算符。
例如,
let mutable x = 10
x <- 15
以下示例将让这个概念更加清晰
例
let mutable x = 10
let y = 20
let mutable z = x + y
printfn "Original Values:"
printfn "x: %i" x
printfn "y: %i" y
printfn "z: %i" z
printfn "Let us change the value of x"
printfn "Value of z will change too."
x <- 15
z <- x + y
printfn "New Values:"
printfn "x: %i" x
printfn "y: %i" y
printfn "z: %i" z
当你编译和执行程序,它产生以下输出
Original Values:
x: 10
y: 20
z: 30
Let us change the value of x
Value of z will change too.
New Values:
x: 15
y: 20
z: 35
可变数据的使用
可变数据通常需要和在数据处理中使用,特别是与记录数据的结构。下面的例子说明了这一点
open System
type studentData =
{ ID : int;
mutable IsRegistered : bool;
mutable RegisteredText : string; }
let getStudent id =
{ ID = id;
IsRegistered = false;
RegisteredText = null; }
let registerStudents (students : studentData list) =
students |> List.iter(fun st ->
st.IsRegistered <- true
st.RegisteredText <- sprintf "Registered %s" (DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss"))
Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000) (* Putting thread to sleep for 1 second to simulate processing overhead. *))
let printData (students : studentData list) =
students |> List.iter (fun x -> printfn "%A" x)
let main() =
let students = List.init 3 getStudent
printfn "Before Process:"
printData students
printfn "After process:"
registerStudents students
printData students
Console.ReadKey(true) |> ignore
main()
当你编译和执行程序,它产生以下输出
Before Process:
{ID = 0;
IsRegistered = false;
RegisteredText = null;}
{ID = 1;
IsRegistered = false;
RegisteredText = null;}
{ID = 2;
IsRegistered = false;
RegisteredText = null;}
After process:
{ID = 0;
IsRegistered = true;
RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:15";}
{ID = 1;
IsRegistered = true;
RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:16";}
{ID = 2;
IsRegistered = true;
RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:17";}