function change(){
var r = document.getElementById('demo');
r.innerHTML = r.innerHTML.replace("Bob","Alice");
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>通过点击下方的按钮查看字符串被替换的效果</p>
<p id="demo">Hello Bob!</p>
<input type="button" value="请务必点击一下我" onclick="change()"/>
</body>
</html>